Nature Lovers Activity - History of Rock Climbing

History of Rock Climbing

Indonesia Climbers

Climbing activities have done for a long time even traditional societies, they did climb in search of the source of life or protection, especially coastal areas and karst areas to look for bird nests or springs. But they do not use standard systems and procedures as in the sport of Rock Climbing so that the safety factor and the level of risk very high.

There is information about a group of French under the leadership of Anthoine de Ville who tried climbing Mont Aiguille (2097masl) in the Vercors Massif in 1492. Their purpose is not clear, but certainly, a few decades later, the people who ride down the rock cliffs in the Alps are known to hunters Chamois (a kinds of mountain goat). So they climb because of the factor of livelihood.
At the begining Rock Climbing is a part of nature exploration activities of the mountaineers where when finally the field is not uncommon and has a high difficulty level, which is no longer possible to Climb the normal (vertical terrain and steep cliffs). Thus was born the Rock Climbing techniques to get through engineering field by securing themselves (safety Procedure). Along with the times to be one of rock climbing adventure activities and sports.
In 1854 the first stone of a golden age in the Alps climbing world positioned by Alfred Wills Wetterhorn the ascent to the summit (3708 masl). This is the forerunner of mountain Climbing as a sport. Then padatahun following years then came the humans who do the climbing cliffs all over the world.

Indonesia Climbers 2

At the beginning of 1910 Austria introduced the use of equipment that is used to support activities such as rock climbing carabiner (ring hooks) and pitons (spikes cliff), which at that time was made out of iron. And begins where the Climbers from Austria and Germany began to develop the tools and techniques of the sport. As time continued to run sporting equipment is widely experienced innovation, especially in the materials of manufacture, test strength of the appeal, the practicality of the use of security tools and procedures that have been standardized.
Then, in 1972 for the first time Rock Climbing wall in the Olympic schedule, which is demonstrated in the Munich Olympics.

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Nature Lover Activity - History of Rafting

History of Rafting

Indonesia Rafting 1

Since ancient times many people who prefer to live in the river to look for food or other materials, and equipment they use are objects around them such as, several trees were tied as the media to float or boat that is made from a hollowed large tree trunks.
Ancient tribe in Canada has started its development, and the Carib Indians developed it and named it Pirogue, while primitive man used to call Dug Out Canoe. People Maoris of New Zealand developed a huge Dug Out Canoe to bring their troops. While Indian tribes Kwakiuti Daei Vancouver, Canada decorate their boats with beautiful carvings.

Indonesia Rafting 2

Out Bark Canoe is the development of the Dug Out Canoe, made of boards that set up, by the North American Indians. Eskimos created "Craft Covered Skin" wrapped with animal skin that is impermeable to water.
Rafting itself was started after World War II in which a group of adventure lovers activities trying to trace the rivers of Colorado.
Major John Wesley Powell an American soldier known as "the father of the World Rafting", was first introduced by Rafting down the Colorado River 250 miles across the cluster of giant cliffs, which later was named Grand Canyon.
For the next in the Americas and Europe, river tracing activity was growing into a highrisk sports are quite popular, and known as WhiteWater Rafting.

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Nature Lovers Activity - History of Caving

History of Caving

Indonesia Cave 1

At the age of primitive times, the cave is inhabited by Cro Magnon for shelter, burial, and also to the worship of ancestral spirits.

1674, John Beaumont, a surgeon and amateur geologist Samerset UK, keep records of scientific reports caves "Sumuran" (potholing) was first recognized by the British Royal Society.

1670 - 1680, Baron Johann Valsavor of Slovenia was the first to carry out a description of the 70 caves in the form of scientific reports complete with comments, sketches and maps as much as 4 volumes with a total of 2800 pages. For his services the British Royal Society scientific reward him.

1780, Louis Marsalliers down a vertical cave Fairies in Languedoc, France.

1818, Habsburg Emperor Francis I was the first person conducting the tour in the cave while visiting Adelsberg Cave (Cave Postonja Now in the former Yugoslavia). Then Josip Jersinovic is an official in the area are listed as the first manager of professional cave.

1838, Franklin Gorin Lawyers are landlords who have areas where the largest and longest cave in the world is Mammoth Cave in Kentucky USA. Whereby the commercial cavern and employs a mulatto named Stephen Bishop 17 years as a slave guard the cave. Stephen Bishop because his job is considered as The First Professional Cave Tour Guide. Mammoth Cave itself consists of hundreds of the hallway (Stephen Bishop found about 222 corridor) with a length of 300 miles so far unfinished traced and investigated. 1983 by the International Union of Speleology businesses, Mammoth Cave is recognized by the UN as one of the world heritage.

Indonesia Cave 2

1888, a lawyer from Paris named Eduard Alfred Martel followed Marssalliers. His research planned more mature this time using full equipment such as hoists, ladders hanging, and canvas boat that newly introduced by the Americans. Even the newly introduced telephone used for communications in the ground. Martel effort is considered a revolution in the caves research, so he called the "Father of Modern Speleology".

 

The cave research that contains a method that combines the Basic Science Research in the exploration of caves so as to do a study of the Multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary. The method is recognized by experts As with the most appropriate, constructive and efficient in researching the cave. Even the ordinance was considered a staple of discipline, order, ethics and moral activity in the present Modern Speleology.

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Kinds of Nature Lovers activity

Kinds of Nature Lovers activity

Indonesia Nature Lovers

Indonesia lies between the Pacific Ocean and Ocean Hindi, between Asia and Australia, and at the confluence of two mountain ranges, the circum-Pacific and circum Mediterranian. countries in Southeast Asia, the country is crossed by the equator is the largest archipelago in the world comprising 17,508 islands, therefore it is also called Nusantara.
The geographical position of Indonesia allowed the development of several kinds of Nature Lovers activity such as:

Caving

A trip caves that have recreational purposes, outbound, or expedition. Caving is one of the kinds of Nature Lovers Activity, in Indonesia there in the mid 70's. Introduced by dr. Robby King Ko Tjoen DV. through the mass media. Year founded 1979 with Norman Edwin SPECAVINA Caving club in Indonesia.

Rafting

An activity rafting river rafting section flow / cascade, by using a particular vehicle. Understanding the rafting river rafting rides / cascade the facilities / equipment consisting of inflatable boats, kayaks, canoes and paddles. Rafting destination can be seen from the side of sport, recreation and ekspedisi.Jadi thus we can define that the sport is a sport Rafting rafting, river wading, using rubber boats, kayaks, canoes and paddle with recreational purposes or expedition.

Rock Climbing

It is one of the kinds of Nature lovers Activity that can be done by using tools and techniques specific to get through it. In general, rock climbing done on the contoured rock cliff with a slope angle more than 45 ° and has a certain degree of difficulty. Basically climbing is a sport that promotes flexibility, strength / endurance, ingenuity, teamwork and team skills and experience of each individual to deal with the cliff itself. In add height to take advantage of rock defects and fracture / fissure is contained ditebing and utilization of effective and efficient tools to reach the top of the climb.

Hiking (Hill Walking)

walking activities in nature, small woodland area, hills or mountains at a level that is not too difficult, hiking does not require special equipment (artificial gear). there will be plenty of exotic natural scenery is spectacular even that can only be reached on foot and enjoyed.
Hiking is one of kinds of Nature Lovers that have many clubs in Indonesia, there are many hiking, such as:

Treking
Backpacking
Bushwhacking
Tramping
Cross country, and
Mountaineering.

Depending on natural conditions, region or country each and all of these activities is always oriented to the hike.

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CODE OF ETHICS OF INDONESIA NATURE LOVERS

CODE OF ETHICS OF INDONESIA NATURE LOVERS

INDONESIA NATURE LOVERS

Aware that nature and its contents are the creation of God Almighty

INDONESIA NATURE LOVERS

Is a part of Indonesian society, conscious of its responsibilities to God, Nation, and Homeland

INDONESIA NATURE LOVERS

Is aware that some of the creatures who love nature as a gift from the Almighty

In accordance with the nature of the above, we are conscious states:

1. Devoted to God Almighty.
2. Care for nature and its contents as well as the use of natural resources as needed.
3. Serve the nation and homeland.
4. Respect for life applies to the surrounding community as well as the respect of human and relatives.
5. Trying strengthens kinship between Nature Lovers Lovers in accordance with the principle of Nature.
6. Trying to help each other and respect the implementation of devotion to God, nation and homeland.

Enacted in: Forum National Gladian-4 Ujung, 1974

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