Nature Lovers Activity - History of Rock Climbing

History of Rock Climbing

Indonesia Climbers

Climbing activities have done for a long time even traditional societies, they did climb in search of the source of life or protection, especially coastal areas and karst areas to look for bird nests or springs. But they do not use standard systems and procedures as in the sport of Rock Climbing so that the safety factor and the level of risk very high.

There is information about a group of French under the leadership of Anthoine de Ville who tried climbing Mont Aiguille (2097masl) in the Vercors Massif in 1492. Their purpose is not clear, but certainly, a few decades later, the people who ride down the rock cliffs in the Alps are known to hunters Chamois (a kinds of mountain goat). So they climb because of the factor of livelihood.
At the begining Rock Climbing is a part of nature exploration activities of the mountaineers where when finally the field is not uncommon and has a high difficulty level, which is no longer possible to Climb the normal (vertical terrain and steep cliffs). Thus was born the Rock Climbing techniques to get through engineering field by securing themselves (safety Procedure). Along with the times to be one of rock climbing adventure activities and sports.
In 1854 the first stone of a golden age in the Alps climbing world positioned by Alfred Wills Wetterhorn the ascent to the summit (3708 masl). This is the forerunner of mountain Climbing as a sport. Then padatahun following years then came the humans who do the climbing cliffs all over the world.

Indonesia Climbers 2

At the beginning of 1910 Austria introduced the use of equipment that is used to support activities such as rock climbing carabiner (ring hooks) and pitons (spikes cliff), which at that time was made out of iron. And begins where the Climbers from Austria and Germany began to develop the tools and techniques of the sport. As time continued to run sporting equipment is widely experienced innovation, especially in the materials of manufacture, test strength of the appeal, the practicality of the use of security tools and procedures that have been standardized.
Then, in 1972 for the first time Rock Climbing wall in the Olympic schedule, which is demonstrated in the Munich Olympics.

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Nature Lover Activity - History of Rafting

History of Rafting

Indonesia Rafting 1

Since ancient times many people who prefer to live in the river to look for food or other materials, and equipment they use are objects around them such as, several trees were tied as the media to float or boat that is made from a hollowed large tree trunks.
Ancient tribe in Canada has started its development, and the Carib Indians developed it and named it Pirogue, while primitive man used to call Dug Out Canoe. People Maoris of New Zealand developed a huge Dug Out Canoe to bring their troops. While Indian tribes Kwakiuti Daei Vancouver, Canada decorate their boats with beautiful carvings.

Indonesia Rafting 2

Out Bark Canoe is the development of the Dug Out Canoe, made of boards that set up, by the North American Indians. Eskimos created "Craft Covered Skin" wrapped with animal skin that is impermeable to water.
Rafting itself was started after World War II in which a group of adventure lovers activities trying to trace the rivers of Colorado.
Major John Wesley Powell an American soldier known as "the father of the World Rafting", was first introduced by Rafting down the Colorado River 250 miles across the cluster of giant cliffs, which later was named Grand Canyon.
For the next in the Americas and Europe, river tracing activity was growing into a highrisk sports are quite popular, and known as WhiteWater Rafting.

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Nature Lovers Activity - History of Caving

History of Caving

Indonesia Cave 1

At the age of primitive times, the cave is inhabited by Cro Magnon for shelter, burial, and also to the worship of ancestral spirits.

1674, John Beaumont, a surgeon and amateur geologist Samerset UK, keep records of scientific reports caves "Sumuran" (potholing) was first recognized by the British Royal Society.

1670 - 1680, Baron Johann Valsavor of Slovenia was the first to carry out a description of the 70 caves in the form of scientific reports complete with comments, sketches and maps as much as 4 volumes with a total of 2800 pages. For his services the British Royal Society scientific reward him.

1780, Louis Marsalliers down a vertical cave Fairies in Languedoc, France.

1818, Habsburg Emperor Francis I was the first person conducting the tour in the cave while visiting Adelsberg Cave (Cave Postonja Now in the former Yugoslavia). Then Josip Jersinovic is an official in the area are listed as the first manager of professional cave.

1838, Franklin Gorin Lawyers are landlords who have areas where the largest and longest cave in the world is Mammoth Cave in Kentucky USA. Whereby the commercial cavern and employs a mulatto named Stephen Bishop 17 years as a slave guard the cave. Stephen Bishop because his job is considered as The First Professional Cave Tour Guide. Mammoth Cave itself consists of hundreds of the hallway (Stephen Bishop found about 222 corridor) with a length of 300 miles so far unfinished traced and investigated. 1983 by the International Union of Speleology businesses, Mammoth Cave is recognized by the UN as one of the world heritage.

Indonesia Cave 2

1888, a lawyer from Paris named Eduard Alfred Martel followed Marssalliers. His research planned more mature this time using full equipment such as hoists, ladders hanging, and canvas boat that newly introduced by the Americans. Even the newly introduced telephone used for communications in the ground. Martel effort is considered a revolution in the caves research, so he called the "Father of Modern Speleology".

 

The cave research that contains a method that combines the Basic Science Research in the exploration of caves so as to do a study of the Multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary. The method is recognized by experts As with the most appropriate, constructive and efficient in researching the cave. Even the ordinance was considered a staple of discipline, order, ethics and moral activity in the present Modern Speleology.

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